Google 在 Science 发表量子纠错新进展：Willow 芯片魔术态错误率降低约 40 倍

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Google 在 Science 发表研究，称其新方法通过逐个检测并丢弃有缺陷的魔术态（magic states），在 105 量子比特的 Willow 芯片上将错误率降低约 40 倍，存活状态准确率达 99.99%。

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Google achieved a new level in quantum computing.

Says it has cleared a bottleneck researchers have flagged since 2004.

Quantum computers need single-use “magic states” to run the operations that put them beyond ordinary computers.

Making clean ones is so costly that some estimates say it could take up to 95% of a machine’s capacity.

Google’s new method checks each state and throws out flawed attempts, cutting errors about 40x on its 105-qubit Willow chip.

The surviving states reached 99.99% accuracy, a record by Google’s count, in work published in Science today.

Only 8% of attempts survived the filter, and the method still has to work at much larger scale.

Google has shown on real hardware 1 of the methods behind its estimate that RSA-2048 encryption could be broken with under 1M qubits.